At-Home Fireworks Continue, Despite Thousands of Eye Injuries Every Year

By Shirley Dang Published May 16, 2025 for The American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Fireworks cause almost 2,000 eye injuries every year, according to a new study published in JAMA Ophthalmology. More than half of these injuries happen in children. 

Despite the statistics, most Americans still do not wear eye protection when handling fireworks. A national survey found that nearly three times more U.S. adults say they wear eye protection for home repair projects or cleaning than when using fireworks. And while only 11 percent of Americans would let kids age 5 to 10 light birthday candles, more than half said children should be allowed to use sparklers and other fireworks, which can cause severe injury and eye damage.

“These results seem to suggest that people view tub scrubbing and candles as more of a threat to their eyes than fireworks,” said Philip Rizzuto, M.D., clinical spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology. “It’s very concerning to me as an ophthalmologist because I’ve seen how devastating consumer fireworks can be to someone’s vision. I sincerely hope this survey puts the risk of fireworks injuries in a new perspective and encourages more people to take precautions.”

Some of the more severe fireworks eye injuries that can occur from fireworks include chemical and thermal burns, rupture of the eyeball and corneal abrasions.

Fireworks Survey Results

To better understand how people view fireworks and fireworks safety practices, the Academy commissioned a nationally representative survey of more than 2,000 adults online. Among the findings:

• Many report injury by fireworks, plan to use fireworks: One-third said they know someone who has been injured by fireworks or has been injured themselves. Despite the known dangers, 1 in 5 said they still use fireworks themselves on Fourth of July.
• More say sparklers/fireworks are safer for kids than birthday candles, stove: Only 11 percent said it’s OK for a child of that age range to light birthday candles and 4 percent think it’s OK for them to cook on a stove unsupervised. By comparison, more than half, or 54 percent, say that children ages of 5 to 10 should be allowed to handle sparklers and other fireworks.
• Fewer people protect their eyes when using fireworks than those who do while cleaning or repairing their homes: Only 10 percent of people said they wear protective eyewear when using fireworks. In comparison, nearly 26 percent reported wearing protective eyewear when doing home repair like plumbing or carpentry, and almost 28 percent use eye protection when cleaning their homes.

Fireworks Safety Tips

• Even sparklers are unsafe:A common culprit of fireworks injuries is the kind often handed to small children – the classic sparkler. Many people mistakenly believe sparklers are harmless due to their size. In fact, they can reach temperatures of 2,000 degrees and cause more than 10 percent of all injuries from fireworks, according to the latest Consumer Product Safety Commission’s report. 
• Even though it looks like a dud, it may not act like one: At age 16, Jameson Lamb was hit square in the eye with a Roman candle that he thought had been extinguished. Now 20, Lamb has gone through multiple surgeries including a corneal transplant and a stem cell transplant. 
• Innocent onlookers and bystanders are injured almost half the time:An international study of fireworks-related eye injuries showed that half of those hurt were bystanders. The researchers also found that one in six of these injuries caused severe vision loss.
• The Fourth can be complete without using consumer fireworks: The Academy advises that the safest way to view fireworks is to watch a professional show. 

For more fireworks safety tips, check out our guide here.